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The Barbican of the Russian Gate (the XV-XVI, XVIII centuries) is a leading fortification of the Gate Tower. It looks like a rectangular yard with dimensions of 16.5 m - from the North to the South, and 10.6 m in the diameter. It is surrounded by the two-tiered defensive walls from the North and West. The Gate is located in the northern part. The Barbican sides with the Gate Tower by its southern side, and with the rock - by the eastern side. The walls are made of stone, their thickness in the first tier is 2.2 m, and 0.5 m - in the second tier. The Barbican is connected with the Overgate and the Gate towers by means of the second tie.

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The Barbican is a building in the defensive system of the medieval cities and fortresses. As a rule, it is a tower (or two), that is located from the outside of the fortified gate. The Barbican provided the possibility of flanking fire along the fortifications and from the upper tiers. As a type of the fortification it appeared in the period of the transition to the bastion system of the fortifications. Later, it was transformed into stone and earthern constructions (rondeli) of different forms, that were connected with the main fortification (see also Zahab)

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Translated by Yana Anufriyeva
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