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Walls, the XV century. Preservation #727/4 | Foto
Staroposhtovyi Uzviz

The defensive walls at the Lower Polish Gate (Staroposhtovyi Uzviz) refers to the North-western city fortifications. One of the walls go aside the Pryberezhna Tower (the �oastal Tower) eastward. It was built in the XV century, simultaneously with the system of the Polish Gate. The gate was located in its lower tier. It was repaired at the beginning of the XVIII century. In the 1876, the wall with the gate was partly demolished. Now, only the plot, 18 m long, remained from it. The Stairs of Farengol'ts were built on its basis in 1830. The second defensive wall was located along the coastal strip, beginning from the ruins of the Pryberezhna Tower. It was built in the first quarter of the XVIII century. In the second part of the XIX century, the coastal part along the wall was strenghtened with the embankment, that covered a considerable part of it. The part of the stone wall, 42 m long, with 25 embrasures has remained till today. The wall thickness in the upper part is 1.5 m, the height of the wall is 2.5 m. The embrasures were built with the sides, widening in two directions. They are covered with stone tie plates of three-centered contour from both sides. In 1964, the restoration and conservation works were carried out there.
The defensive wall with two gates between the Lower and Upper Polish Gates (Staroposhtovyi Uzviz) is located in the western part of the road, connecting both ensembles of the Polish Gate. It began with the first gate at the rise of the road, and finished with the second one near the Kushnirs'ka Tower. It was built in 1762. In 1772, the first gate was reconstructed by Ya. de Vitte. In 1832, their bays were doubled. The length of the defensive wall is 195 m. It is made of stone. It is 1.1 m thick in its upper part. Its height is 1-2 m from the side of the road, and 4-5 m - from the side of the rock steep. In 1965, the conservation works were carried out there. The first, Lower Gate looks like two stone columns, rectangular in plan, 4.5 m high. It is finished with cornice, and stone laying, layed up pyramidally. The second, upper gate are made with one stone column, put on 3 m distance from the foundation of the Kushnirs'ka Tower. The stone semi-circular arch is thrown over them. The wall thickness of the gates are 2.3 m.
The defensive wall with the tower at the Upper Polish Gate (Kuznets'ka St.) is located along the edge of the upper terrace and is a part of the complex of the North-western city fortifications at the Upper Polish Gate. The square tower and defensive wall were built in the XIV century. At the end of the XVII century, the South-western part of the wall, 35.5 m long, was cut off by the Turkish Bastion. At the beginning of the XX century, a part of the defensive wall between the Vitriana Brama (the Wind Gate) and the square tower was demolished. The stone tower, square in plan, with sides 7.6 m, has a wall thickness of 1.8 m, and height 10.6 m. The defensive wall, 37.5 m long, between the square tower and the Turkish Bastion is made of stone. The wall thickness in the level of the embrasures is 1.8 m. The lower part of the wall is strengthened with the row of wide counterforts at the floor. The height of the walls from the side of the lower terrace is 9 m.

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Translated by Yana Anufriyeva
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