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Barracks
of the Fortress, 1780-1788. Preservation Number #751 | Foto
14 Hospital'na St.
They are
situated in the southern part of the Old Town, on the bank of the Smotrych River.
They were built by the architect, Y. de Vitte or by the architect, S. Zavads'kyi.
Primarily, it consisted of three joined stone buildings. At the end of the first
half of the XIX century, they were repaired. After 1834, on the territory of
the barracks the household buildings were built (architect S. Uchta). In 1860-1870,
on the central part of the main front four three-storeyed outhouses were built.
At the second half of the XIX century, the tiled roof was replaced by the iron
one. During the Great World War the barracks were partially destroyed.
The walls are stone with traces of the repairs with the brick, plastered. The
building is of intermittent number of storeys, �-shaped in the plan, with a
basement. The residuary part of the northern corps - right-angled in its plan,
two- and three-storeyed. The floors are vaulted and flat. The planning is of
a cell-type. The fronts are devided by the level rods, the apentures are framed
with a solid liners. The crowning cornice is made in the form of pendent lines,
the profile is made in plaster. The roof is pyramidal on the wooden framework,
the roof is iron.
The monument is a typical example of the barracks buildings.
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BARRACKS OF THE FORTRESS, WHERE K.N.BATIUSHKOV, V.P.RAYEVS'KYI, V.I.DAL', M.A.BULGAKOV WERE AT THE MILITARY SERVICE.
14 Hospital'na St. (hist.)
They are located at the bottom of the south-eastern part of the island of the
Old Town, between such streets as Hospital'na, Dovga and Rus'ka, on the bank
of the Smotrych River, 1.5 km to the East from the fortress. It was built in
1760-1780 with a purpose to billet the military garrison, under the direction
of the superintendent of the Fortress, the famous military engineer and architect,
Yan de Vitte. They are in the form of rectangular, which from the side of the
river is turned into the fortress. Here there are two corner and a central building
built as four-storied towers, raising above two monolithically snapped-together
three-storied buildings with protrunding narrow, square, three-storied towers
(4 towers). A massive stone foundation and the fortress walls with windows-loopholes
have turned the barracks into a powerful defensive building, finishing the series
of the fortifications and bastions of the southern part of the Old Town.
Here from July to December, 1815 a famous Russian writer and poet Konstantyn
Myckolayovych Batiushkov (1787 -1855) served as an officer. During this period
he wrote his best elegy "My Genius", poems "�.I. Gniedychu",
"Y.F. Muravyovoy", "V.�.Zhukovskomu", �nd in some years
he wrote about his impressions about the history of the city ��myanets' in the
essay "Memoirs from the places, battles and travellings"(1851). In
1816, Volodymyr Fedorovych Rayevs'kyi (1795 - 1872) surved as an officer, he
was the hero of Borodino, poet and Decembrist, friend of P.I. Pestel' and �.S.
Pushkin. He has organized the pro-Decemberistic political society "Zhelieznyie
Perstni" in the town, the lieutenant colonel Kislovs'kyi, the staff-captains
P.G. Pryklons'- kyi, Gubin, doctor Dimmer were the members of it. In ��myanets'
he has written the poems "My 'good-bye' to the friends Kislovskiy and Priklonskiy",
"The sciene of storm" and others. At the beginning of 1817 he was
transfered on service in borough Yarmolyntsi, �nd later in the town �ul'chyn
of Podil's'ka government, where he took an active part in the Decemberistic
movement.
Till the beginning of the XIX century, ��myanets'-Podil's'kyi has lost its military
and strategical significance. From the end of 1816, the barracks of the Fortress
were reequipped as a military hospital, which existed to 1918. From January,
1831 to the beginning of 1832, a young doctor, Volodymyr Ivanovych Dal' (1801
- 1872), a writer, scientist and lexicographer, dialectologist, the author of
"Tolkovyi slovar' zhyvogo velikorusskogo yazyka" ("The Explanatory
Dictionary of Alive Great Russian Language") had been working here, directed
to the town to fight against epidemic cholera. The historical story "Podolianka"
and other works brightly describe his staying in the town Kamyanets' and surrounding
villages Nigyn, Cherche, Chornokozyntsi, Golenyschevo and others, where he has
recorded folklore, legends, studied local language.
From April to August,1916, Myhaylo Afanasiyovych Bulgakov (1891-1940), Russian
writer, had been working as a doctor from the society "Chervonyi Chrest"
('Red Cross") in the hospital. He treated wounded soldiers and officers
of the South-Western front and according to the rememberances of his wife �.�.
Kiselgoff "He was a surgeon, always did amputations... He didn't take part
in the battles".
Today, there is a tobacco factory in the buildings of former barracks (from
the 50's), which till the middle of the 90's of the XX century, will have vacate
them for the historical-architectural complex of the city.
Sources and literature:
���� ���� � �.�����. �. 219. - ��. 2. - ��. ��. 1169. - ��.1-20.
��������� �. �������-����������.-�.: 1895.
������� �.�. �������� �����������. �.2. - �., 1955. - �. 131.
����������. �������������� ����������. - �.,1988. - �.152. ������ ����� ������.
�� �������� �������. - �����������, 1990. - �. 127, 161-162.
������� �.�. �.�������� �� �����. //VIII ��������� ���.-��������� �����������.
���� ���. ������ ����� ������. ������. - ���.-���., 1990. - �. 7-9.
��������� �. ������ ��� ������ ����. //"��������� ������", 1990,
10 �������/.
������������� �. ����� ������ - ������. //"��������� ������, 1991, 19
����.
�.�. �������, �.�. �������
Appendix
�. There are no memorial plates on the buildings of the barracks.
Translated
by Yana Anufriyeva
mail to: [email protected]